Climate+Change+&+Kyoto+Accord+-+Annotated+Bibliography

Canadian Government (2010). A Climate Change Plan for the Purposes of the Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act. Canada’s Action on Climate Change. Retrieved on December 6th, 2011, from []

Canada has a legal obligation to produce 5.2% less GHG emissions from 2008 to 2010 than they have in 1990; their target is to cut the emission levels by 6%. Along with this Canada has agreed to sign the Copenhagen Accord where they have committed to cut their 2005 economy emissions by 17% before the 2020. Even though the Kyoto report originally began in 1994 Canada has only recently started to put policies into place to enforce the reduction of greenhouse gases and because of this it is thought that Canada will not meet their projected targets by 2012. Since Canada projected not going to meet their requirements they have focused most of their attention on the long term and a large part on meeting their goals set for 2020. I believe there is great info in this article with Canada’s own particular goals for the Kyoto report how coming from the Canadian Governments website I think it is a bit bias and avoids the fact they are not going to meet their goals and covers it up with encouraging info of their goals involved with the Copenhagen Accord.

CBC.ca. (2007, 02, 14). //Kyoto and Beyond: Kyoto Protocol FAQs//. Retrieved from CBC News: http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/kyoto/ //This article provides a good deal of background information on the Kyoto Accords, the primary agents involved, and the attitudes for and against the accord. It also goes into the climate issues that brought about the Kyoto Accord in the first place, and provides links to subsequent information for those interested in delving deeper into the subject. Canada and the United States, in particular, are discussed in the article as two major world powers who have decided to either abandon their commitment or flout the issue, respectively.//

CBC - Environment Canada. (2011, November 29). Canada and Kyoto - A history of the country's involvement and its greenhouse gas emissions. Canada. Retrieved from [] //CBC compiled a handy chart showing the Environment Canada Green house gas emmisions since 1997 ////-98 when Canada enacted the accord. The timeline shows both individual greenhouse gas emissions and the entire country as a whole over the years. The research has been complied up to 2009 and each year you can click on to see what Canada did that year for its part of reducing greenhouse gases. The information shows that both Canada as a whole Canadians as individuals have made reductions, mostly since 2006 though, yet it’s still higher than 1997 levels let alone reaching as low as the goal of 1990 levels (590 Megaton). // //The site’s featured time-line is a great source to visually see the changes over the years and also to see what initiatives were enacted and by which government. The cited info on gas emission levels from Environment Canada is probably the best solid piece of info from this article though. // One World UK. (2011, December 4). //One Climate//. Retrieved from One World UK: Flannery, T. (2009, november 22). Why Canada failed on Kyoto and how to make amends. // The Star //. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/729155--why-canada-failed-on-kyoto-and-how-to-make-amends A look at the political debate surrounding Kyoto accord in Canada, and some of the challenges that Canada has faced in the implementation. From the historical impacts of the National Energy Program, to the election of President Bush, and Prime Minister Harper. Finally taking a look at where Canada could go in the future if we put our weight behind it, and how this would be good for Canada's international reputation.

 Gatehouse, J. (2009). SUDDENLY THE WORLD HATES CANADA. Maclean's, 122(50), 18-21. This article, from Maclean’s Magazine, looks at Canada’s position since signing the Kyoto Accord. It is a critical look at the ways in which Canada has faulted since signing into the accord in 1998. The article does an excellent job showing the steps taken to protect certain capital ventures for Canada, Alberta Oil Sands, at the expense of the goals Canada agreed to meet in the Kyoto Accord. The article is excellent as it examines exactly why the Canadian government has been stalling and changing tactics to meet a different set of goals rather than follow through on the Kyoto promised targets. It is a great Segway piece that ties into the current steps taken by the Canadian government. Michael Grubb :( Lead Author); Kristina Mangino, Congressional Research Service (Contributing Author); Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) "Kyoto Protocol". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth May 12, 2008; Last revised Date June 15, 2011; Retrieved December 6, 2011 []

Kyoto Protocol from The Encyclopedia of the Earth is a well-rounded article that covers many different sections and levels of the Kyoto Accord report. One section discusses the ability of the larger industrialized countries to buy emission stock from the smaller countries that generate less emissions to create a balance in pollution, meanwhile giving the smaller countries more money to develop themselves. This comes with criticism of course, there is speculation that this will create a higher overall pollution allowing the bigger richer countries to purchase all the emission stock that otherwise would be clean air and cost the larger countries a large amount of money in fine’s for not meeting their agreement. It Takes each aspect of the report and condenses it into a manageable size so that the average person can get a brief knowledge of the information of that particular section. In my personal opinion, the article is great for exactly that. However the article does not go into a great deal of depth which could make it irrelevant in some cases. The author of the report is Dr. Michael Grubb who is a professor at University of Cambridge as well as, he is now Associate Director of Policy at the UK Carbon Trust and a Visiting Professor at Imperial College London. On top of those great accomplishment’s he is a leading international researcher on the policy responses to climate change and energy policy issues including renewable energy sources which makes his article a very reliable source.

[|http://us.oneworld.net] The website is a current up to date resource on climate change and what is happening currently in the world with those actively involved in the decision making process globally. The site provides news casts, lectures and educational material for those concerned with global warming and climate change. It is a non-profit organization established in 2005. This organization has worked with GCCA (Global Campaign for Climate Action), SCCC (Stop Climate Chaos Coalition), CDKN (Climate Development Knowledge Network), the Welsh Assembly Government, and the founders and friends of the School for Movement Medicine on various grant funded projects. Due to its up to date sources of information and its association with other highly credible organizations it is an excellent source Prystupa, M. (2011) Manitoba confirms Kyoto pledge is dead. Canadian Broadcasting Channel, (CBC News): [Electronic version]. Retrieved December 7, 2011 from: __http://www.__ __cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2011/12/06/mb-kyoto-climate-change-law-__ __manitoba.html__

After the Kyoto Protocol was entered into force in February 16, 2005, Manitoba and Canada in general have still not met the requirements of CO2 reduction that was aimed for the year of 2011. Manitoba conservation minister Dave Chomiak admitted that it hasn't reached the goal it intended to reach, but said that they have reduced greenhouse gas emissions since 2009. Canada will not sign onto the second phase of the Kyoto protocol. The Manitoba government suggests that as the years keep passing by; climate change will cause warmer and wetter winters, longer and drier summers, and more extreme weather such as heat waves, storms and droughts. Mr. Chomiak said that they will have new and better ways of reducing emissions for the oncoming years. This shows how different provinces, states and countries have not taken the protocol very serious, meaning bigger penalties will have to take place in order for countries to reduce emissions and help the climate.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (1997, December 11). Kyoto Accord. Kyoto, Japan. Retrieved from [] //The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website contains all the information on how Kyoto works from the UN itself. Linked from this site is the actual Accord with the articles written out so anyone can read it. The site also explains everything from the difference between a convention and protocol to how funding is reached for the Kyoto to work in all the countries. // //This is an excellent source and can be helpful for comparing what Canada has done with what it either should have done better or maybe something it hadn’t even attempted. // //Wikipedia-Kyoto Protocol//. (2011, December 5). Retrieved from Wikipedia: []

This is an updated cited overview of the ongoing processes of the Kyoto accord its working mechanisms and definitions. It is an excellent source additional articles and insights as to what each member country has done to date and current obligations and proposed plans. It includes more than 60 cited authors and offers further reading. This is updated continuously and uses sources from the United Nations, the World Bank, the BBC, CBC and various other international organizations providing a strong peer review supervision. This provides for series credibility on the international stage. Please add your bibliographical annotations for the sites that you find to this page.

=Munroe, S. (2006, May 21). //Issue- The Kyoto Protocol and Canada//. Retrieved from www.About.com: http://canadaonline.about.com/od/environment/i/kyotoprotocol.htm =

This article gives a brief description on how the Kyoto accord started and what Canada initially had agreed too. It states that Canada’s stand on Kyoto went back and forth depending whether it was an election year or not and finally decided against it. It describes the plans that Canada put in Kyoto’s place but never followed through on. It also gives the personal views from supporters and from people who oppose it.

Torrie Smith Associates, Ottawa. (2002, September). //Kyoto and Beyond; The Low-Emission Path to Innovation and Efficiency.// Retrieved from DavidSuzuki.org: http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/downloads/2002/Kyoto_Beyond_eng.pdf //This report was developed for the David Suzuki Foundation with the intention to show how greenhouse gas levels can, and must be, reduced to approximately 50% of current levels over the next 28 years. The authors are emphatic in their belief that this is not an issue that is up for debate, and present several findings in order to show how unsustainable levels of consumption and energy use need to be changed. The authors use this information to set the stage for the steps and design principles that can be implemented so that we might reverse the course of current emission and consumption levels and potentially slow climate change.//

Wicke, L., & Duerr-Pucher, G. (2006). Beyond Kyoto 2012: No Prevention of Dangerous Climate Change Without an Internationally Acceptable "Beyond Kyoto" Global Cap-and-Trade Scheme. //International Review For Environmental Strategies //, //6 //(1), 63-91. //This is an interesting Article looking beyond Kyoto. they explore why most countries who agreed to the Kyoto protocol will not be meeting their agreements and what can be done to make a new agreement, and what targets this new agreement would need to be a truly useful and make a real impact on global warming.//